Having spent 50 years of my life sitting at work at an electronics workbench in a professional...

A DC motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Today, you find DC...

Edmond Becquerel was the first to discover the photovoltaic effect, whereby electric current and...

Logic chips are integrated circuits that perform the logic functions AND, OR, XOR, NAND, and NOR....

A datasheet is an instruction manual on how to use an electrical component. It explains the...

It was the dream of Nicola Tesla to transmit energy wirelessly from a remote power station to...

An analog-to-digital converter is a device used to convert an analog signal (like the output from...

In the early 1970s, two American companies, Intel and Texas Instruments, introduced...

In this article, we will look at the internal physics of transistors. In a famous diagram showing...

A DC to DC converter is a power electronics circuit that efficiently converts a direct current...

Electronic engineers use a variety of different circuit simulation tools to study the behavior of...

Electronic buzzers create sound. The first electronic buzzer was invented by Joseph Henry in 1831...

After designing a schematic for a circuit, the next step is to design a PCB layout. PCB design is...

A power inverter is a device that can convert a DC power supply (typically from a battery), into a...

Electronic design automation (EDA, or ECAD), is one of the most important steps in an electronic...

This is the final article in a three part series on operational amplifiers. Be sure to check out...

In the first article in this series on op-amps, we learned how op-amps work and how to build...

This is part one in a three part “Ultimate Guide to Op-Amps”. In this article we will...

To understand why electronic evolution has led to a much more complicated way of making regulated...

No, this article is not about gardening! The words ground and earth are so common and mean...

Electronic signals are vital in the operation of almost all electronic devices. They can carry...

We see microphones everywhere – musicians on stage, politicians at a podium, preachers at...

FM radio is transmitted with a process called frequency modulation. With frequency modulation, the...

Before we get started, please note that in most countries it is illegal to broadcast on FM radio...

Capacitance is defined as the ratio of the change in the electric charge of a system to the...

Comparators are devices that compare two voltages or currents and output a digital signal...

Speakers convert the analog audio signal from an audio amplifier into sound waves that can be...

In this tutorial, we will take a look at charging circuits for sealed lead acid (SLA), Nickel...

Optoelectronic devices can be categorized into two different types – light detecting devices...

Troubleshooting is the process of isolating and identifying a fault in something so that it can be...

If you have ever used a tone control on a radio, stereo, or guitar, you have used an audio filter....

Surely one of the most famous and well-loved IC’s of all time must be the 555 timers, invented by...

Below is a schematic for an AM transmitter circuit. If you decide to actually build this AM...

An RC circuit is a circuit with both a resistor (R) and a capacitor (C). They are a common element...

Pulse width modulation (PWM) is a technique used to precisely control analog devices with a...

In this article, we will first talk about radio frequencies and amplitude modulation. Then we will...

In electronics, a display driver is an integrated circuit that provides an interface between a...

An audio mixer is a circuit for combining two or more analog signals so that they do not interfere...

Before jumping directly to heat sinks, let us first have a review on power and how to calculate...

In a previous article, we looked at the design of transistor amplifiers. Here, we are going to put...

So we’re down to part four of our tutorial series on wave generators and oscillators! Check...

An amplifier is a circuit that takes an electronic signal at its input and produces a larger...

A voltage regulator is a device used to change fluctuating voltages on its input to a defined and...

This is part three of a four-part tutorial series on wave generators and oscillators. Check out...

This is part two of the four-part tutorial series on wave generators and oscillators. Check out...

This article is the first in a four-part series on oscillators. We will look at square wave...

Ohm’s law, Joule’s law, and an understanding of power and energy are among the most fundamental...

If you’re reading this, you are probably new to the idea or considering buying your first...

An inductor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that consists of a coil of wire. It is...

All electronic devices need protection circuits. They are used, as the name implies, to protect...

If you struck a hammer on a thick metal plate and were able to view it in slow motion, you would...

“Failure of a single electronic sensor in a car during a crash can cause the airbags to not deploy...

Electronic flip flop circuits are electronic circuits with two stable states used to store binary...

A relay is an electromagnetic switch that opens and closes circuits electromechanically or...

A linear power supply is a power supply unit (PSU) that does not contain any switching or digital...

In previous articles, we discussed voltage and current. This time, we’ll talk about the...

Servos are used for a wide range of applications, from simple electronics projects, to robots,...

A capacitor is an electrical component used to store energy in an electric field. It has two...

Electronic counters are widely used in digital electronics to record the number of times an event...

A multiplexer is best defined as a combinational logic circuit that acts as a switcher for...

Soldering is used in electronics, metalwork, jewelry, plumbing, and even in making musical...

When you enter the field of electronics, learning the theory is not enough. You have to put it...

Digital Logic or Boolean Logic represents signals and sequences in a digital circuit through...

In the article What Is Current?, we discussed two main types of current – direct, and...

Before we jump into a deeper discussion on prototyping boards, let us first recall what a...

Before we dive into the discussion on circuit analysis, let us first define a circuit or an...

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are an electrical light source composed of two electrodes that are in...

Working with electronics means that you need to deal with electricity. And working with...

Learn how to setup an SD card reader on the Arduino, and how to save sensor data to a file on an SD card.

If you check out any digital electronic circuit, you’ll mostly find pull-up and pull-down...

A wire coil is an electrical conductor with one or more turns designed to produce a magnetic...

Electromagnetism was first discovered in 1819 when a Danish scientist noticed the needle of a...

Variable resistors are resistors that change resistance from zero to a certain maximum value. They...

A resistive sensor is a transducer or electromechanical device that converts a mechanical change...

Switches make or break connections in a circuit. They also allow users to change the path of the...

A voltage divider is a simple circuit that can reduce voltage. It distributes the input voltage...

A multimeter is an electronic measuring instrument that has multiple functionalities, hence it is...

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that limits the current flowing in...

An electrical schematic is a diagram that shows how all of the wires and components in an...

Direct current was discovered by Italian physicist Alessandro Volta, who invented the first...

In the article What is Electricity?, we discussed that electricity could be defined as the flow of...